Introduction
Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of joint pain and disability, affecting millions of people in the UK and across the globe. In this article, we’ll explore whether osteoarthritis can be inherited, unriddling common myths and explaining what science currently tells us. Understanding the hereditary links is especially important if you have a family history of the condition or are worried about your own joint health.
What is Osteoarthritis and How Does it Develop?
Osteoarthritis is a long-term condition where the protective cartilage that cushions joints gradually wears away. This leads to pain, stiffness, and difficulties moving – typically in the hips, knees, and hands. The condition develops due to a mix of factors, including age, genetics, previous injuries, obesity, and lifestyle choices. Osteoarthritis progresses through stages, starting with minor cartilage softening and potentially leading to severe joint damage. It differs from rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease, but some people can have both conditions at the same time.
The Hereditary Factors: Is Osteoarthritis Passed Down Through Families?
Research shows osteoarthritis can run in families, meaning genetics do play a part. For example, “current evidence suggests there is a hereditary predisposition to osteoarthritis of the knee” (Clement Nd, 2013). In some rare cases, genetic syndromes make this link very evident. “Genetic factors are predominant in some cases, including the syndrome of hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy” (Rai et al., 1994), which can lead to early joint problems. Another inherited condition, hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), causes bony outgrowths that can damage joints and lead to secondary osteoarthritis: “If secondary osteoarthritis or joint subluxation has progressed, joint replacement may be necessary” (Kim et al., 2019). Genes influencing cartilage health and joint shape affect osteoarthritis risk, but inheriting these does not guarantee you’ll get the condition. Lifestyle and environment play key roles too. It’s also worth noting that hereditary risk for osteoarthritis is different from that for rheumatoid arthritis, which is driven by immune system factors.
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Preventing and Managing Osteoarthritis: Beyond Genetics
Even if you have a genetic predisposition, your lifestyle has a huge impact on osteoarthritis risk and progression. Keeping a healthy weight reduces joint strain, while regular, low-impact exercise such as swimming or cycling can keep joints flexible and strong. On the other hand, high-impact or repetitive stress may worsen symptoms. A balanced diet supports joint health too, though the benefits of supplements like glucosamine remain uncertain. Early management, especially if osteoarthritis runs in your family, can include physiotherapy and regular check-ups to slow joint damage. As research continues, “understanding the genes involved in knee osteoarthritis is vital for developing treatments to prevent disability at an early stage” (Clement Nd, 2013).
Navigating Diagnosis, Support, and Benefits in the UK
Osteoarthritis is usually diagnosed by looking at symptoms, physical examinations, and imaging tests like X-rays. The condition is often categorised into four stages to guide treatment options. In the UK, if osteoarthritis affects your daily life, you may be eligible for financial support such as Personal Independence Payment (PIP). Applying involves providing evidence of how your symptoms impact activities and mobility, with an official points system deciding eligibility. Many NHS services and charities also offer advice and help to support people living with osteoarthritis.
Conclusion
While genes do influence the chances of developing osteoarthritis, they are just one piece of the puzzle. Taking a broad approach that includes healthy lifestyle choices and seeking expert care offers the best chance to protect your joints. Understanding hereditary risks empowers you to take control, but remember: genetics do not write your joint health destiny.
References
- Clement Nd. (2013). Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Hereditary? A Review of the Literature. Hereditary Genetics, 1(S1). https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1041.s1-004
- Rai, A., Wordsworth, B. P., Coppock, J. S., Zaphiropoulos, G., & Struthers, G. R. (1994). Hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy (Stickler syndrome): a diagnosis to consider in familial premature osteoarthritis. Rheumatology, 33(12), 1175-1180. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/33.12.1175
- Kim, W. J., Park, J. S., Won, S. H., Lee, H. S., Lee, D. W., Jang, B.-W., Lee, J. J., Hong, Y. C., Kang, J. K., Wibowo, R., & Kim, C. H. (2019). Total hip arthroplasty in hereditary multiple exostoses with secondary osteoarthritis. Medicine, 98(48), e18175. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000018175
Frequently Asked Questions
- Osteoarthritis can run in families, as genetics do play a role. However, having a genetic predisposition does not guarantee you’ll develop osteoarthritis. AMSK Clinic provides personalised assessment, helping patients manage hereditary risk through lifestyle and early intervention.
- Osteoarthritis is caused by cartilage wear and joint changes, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. Some individuals may experience both conditions. AMSK Clinic’s expert team can help clarify diagnosis and tailor multidisciplinary treatment plans for individual patient needs.
- AMSK Clinic offers comprehensive assessments, early diagnostic services, and advice tailored to patients with family history concerns. Our multidisciplinary approach enables early management, which may improve outcomes and overall joint health for those with hereditary risk factors.
- Yes, lifestyle choices like maintaining a healthy weight, regular low-impact exercise, and a balanced diet can greatly reduce osteoarthritis risk. AMSK Clinic provides ongoing guidance and advanced non-surgical therapies, supporting patients in making positive changes for joint health.
- AMSK Clinic stands out due to its expertise, comprehensive diagnostic services, and use of innovative treatments such as Arthrosamid®. Our patient-centred care ensures individualised plans that reflect the latest advances in osteoarthritis management and ongoing support at every stage.
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This article is written by an independent contributor and reflects their own views and experience, not necessarily those of AMSK. It is provided for general information and education only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
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